海明威The Sun Also Rises出版于1926年美洲新秀斩获冠军,表现耀眼,它原本的名字叫Fiesta(尤指西班牙或拉丁美洲的宗教节日,狂欢节日),是海明威的成名作品,也是The Lost Gerneration的代表作。海明威把自己的写作比作海上漂浮的冰山,用文字表达出来的东西只是海面上的八分之一,而海面以下的八分之七需要读者细心研读文本,才能体会其中的意蕴。他擅长使用短句,经常省略一些背景信息,甚至指代不明,来增强语言节奏感强。他喜欢通过对话和环境描写来表现人物性格,然后自然地推动情节的发展。
这种写作风格对于没有读原版书习惯的朋友来说可能会有一些难度,觉得不知所云,建议大家阅读之前可以美洲新秀斩获冠军,表现耀眼了解一下他的写作手法和背景知识。读书群在读这本书的时候就读了《什么是“迷惘的一代”文学》。
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转载于“Amanda英文悦读”
来自YouTube频道Thug Notes
来点酒,来点音乐,来场斗牛,来场醉生梦死,梦醒后各自散去,这就是生活。The Sun Also Rises似乎就是这样一个故事,Jake作为主人公和叙述者,以描述Cohn开始整个故事。Cohn是一个犹太人、富家子、拳击冠军却又像个敏感内向的孩子,困于自己的身份认知,有过一段潦草的婚姻和三个孩子,马上又要开始第二段。
He cared nothing for boxing, in fact he disliked it, but he learned it painfully and thoroughly to counteract the feeling of inferiority and shyness he had felt on being treated as a Jew at Princeton. There was a certain inner comfort in knowing he could knock down anybody who was snooty to him, although, being very shy and a thoroughly nice boy, he never fought except in the gym.
接下来便是走马观花式的生活,在巴黎各个酒店夜场中,各色人物纷纷登场,推杯换盏,仿佛亲密已久的朋友,过往一一浮现,而夜晚、酒精则给这些过往蒙上一层伤感,难以走出的情绪。
It is awfully easy to be hard-boiled about everything in the daytime, but at night it is another thing.
Under the wine I lost the disgusted feeling and was happy. It seemed they were all such nice people.
而Brett(女主),似乎变成一切的中心。和Jake相恋且旧情难忘,却由于Jake在战争时期的创伤而分开,游走于其他人之间。和Cohn一段露水情缘,在西班牙喜欢上了斗牛士Romero,最后又决定回到Mike身边,嫁给他。Jake在小说中几次被称为old good Jake,每一次Brett需要他,他都能毫不犹豫地站出来,真的是毫不犹豫,仿佛已经是一种习惯、天性、或者本能。看他对Brett偶尔的倾诉,真情透露,总是微微心酸。
She kissed me coolly on the forehead.
"Oh, Brett, I love you so much."
小说一开始十分吸引人,但中间观光式的场景很容易分散心神,但这也是这些人的生活状态,他们的生活没有重心,闭上眼睁开眼不知今日何日的感觉。喝酒赌博成了这种外放的表现,到西班牙看斗牛成了一种找回激情或者证明其存在的方式。而最后当节日这场盛大的狂欢结束,生活依旧在继续。这一天和其他日子没什么不同,又有什么不同。唯一不变的是,太阳照常升起。
这本小说有两点美洲新秀斩获冠军,表现耀眼我认为值得注意。一是小说中提及的战争相关的,个体对战争态度和战争带来的创伤,包括心理上和生理上。显然大家对它的态度是不愿意谈起的,Jake在战争中受伤而impotent,Brett爱人死于战场,两个受伤的人彼此安慰却又注定不能在一起。
"I got hurt in the war," I said.
"Oh, that dirty war."
We would probably have gone on and discussed the war and agreed that it was in reality a calamity for civilization, and perhaps would have been better avoided. I was bored enough.
战争虽然已经过去,但其产生的影响似乎已经根深蒂固。一种心理精神层面的潜移默化,无法避免。
It was like certain dinners I remember from the war. There was much wine, an ignored tension, a feeling of things coming that you could not prevent happening.
Mike对战争的态度有些模棱两可,他是唯一一个经常拿战争开玩笑的,有时甚至是一种怀念的语调。也许可以理解为战争是他男性力量、价值的一种另类体现,而战后他的生活同样失去的重心和方向。
"I have been in seven wars and four revolutions," the count said.
"Soldiering?" Brett asked.
"Sometimes, my dear. And I have got arrow wounds. Have you ever seen arrow wounds?"
What times we had. How I wish those dear days were back."
而Brett的前夫,似乎已经被战争逼疯,夜里都无法安稳入睡。虽然在小说中只有一处描写,Brett从来也没有提及过,但这段经历对Brett可能也产生间接影响。
Ashley, chap she got the title from, was a sailor, you know. Ninth baronet. When he came home he wouldn’t sleep in a bed. Always made Brett sleep on the floor. Finally, when he got really bad, he used to tell her he’d kill her. Always slept with a loaded service revolver. Brett used to take the shells out when he’d gone to sleep.
即使年轻如Romero,海明威在塑造这个角色时很明显也暗示了战斗有关的态度。作为一个斗牛士,也是游走在生死边缘,这其中当然是有一些联系。Romero有一种洞察真相的残忍感,懂得为自己战斗,配上他按Jake说的十分好看的脸,会是一种致命的吸引力,怪不得Brett被勾走了。
"The bulls are my best friends."
I translated to Brett.
"You kill your friends?" she asked.
"Always," he said in English, and laughed. "So they don’t kill me."
而Cohn,没有经历过战火洗礼,在这一群人中显得最为年轻,有激情,冲动,某些对比下略显幼稚。而他为了Brett的大打出手,显然是某种浪漫热血的存在,而这种存在,对于那些经历过战争的人,都已消耗殆尽。
Mike started toward him around the table. Cohn stood up and took off his glasses. He stood waiting, his face sallow, his hands fairly low, proudly and firmly waiting for the assault, ready to do battle for his lady love.
二是战后人们的生存状态。作为“迷惘的一代”作家中的代表人物,海明威把斯坦因聊天时提到的“You are all a lost generation”写在扉页。这本小说整个可以看成是对此状态的写照。
You're an expatriate. You've lost touch with the soil. You get precious. Fake European standards have ruined you. You drink yourself to death. You become obsessed by sex. You spend all your time talking, not working. You are an expatriate, see? You hang around cafés.
至于标题,则是来自《传道书》(Ecclesiastes)中的一段话:日头出来,日头落下,急归所出之地。
One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh; but the earth abideth forever... The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to the place where he arose...
读这本书间隙去看了场电影Genius(《天才捕手》),里面讲作家沃尔夫与他的编辑麦克斯之间的事情,惊喜地看到海明威的和菲茨杰拉德的出场。其中麦克斯描述菲茨杰拉德的写作状态让美洲新秀斩获冠军,表现耀眼我印象深刻,他说“He fights for every word.” 每一个好的作品又何尝不是如此。即使是不同类型的作家,如沃尔夫这样写到停不下来的,就需要后期编辑把握尺度,作很大程度上的删减,务必呈现最好的作品给读者。这部电影看的我热泪盈眶,爱这些作家,爱海明威,爱一切好作品。
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